中考定语从句考点集汇、讲解和训练
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增大字体定语从句考点集汇、讲解和训练
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1、定语从句的功用和结构
2、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【概念精讲】
一、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做__________。定语从句必须放在先行词之______(前\后)。引导定语从句的词叫做______,初中阶段要求掌握的关联词有关系代词which、who 、whom、whose、that和关系副词where, when。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这个复合句中的定语从句部分是___________________________， 先行词是___________，关系代词是_____________。
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 这个复合句中的定语从句部分______
__________________________， 先行词是___________，关系副词是______________。
二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1．Who，whom和whose用法对比
The person _________broke the window must pay for it.
Do you know the young man ____________ we met at the gate？
The girl ___________ mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the classroom ___________window is broken.
总结：Who指_____,在定语从句中作_____语；whom指____，在定语从句中作_____语； whose 指_________，后面要求直接接一个名词，在定语从句中作_____语。
2．Which和that用法对比
A dictionary is a book _______ gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book __________ the teacher mentioned yesterday.
Who is the person__________ is reading the newspaper over there?
总结：which指________，在定语从中作主语或宾语。that可以用来指_____________，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
3. 地点名词的判断：在定语从句中充当主语或宾语或与地点的搭配的介词出现时, 地点名词判断为“物”，关联词可用________或_______；否则就是充当地点状语，地点名词判断为“地点”，关联词可用________或介词+_______。
( )a.I like to live in a house____________________ is big and bright.
( )b.I remember the zoo______________________we visited in 2000.
( )c.The building ____________________ we built last year is very tall.
( )d. The factory __________his father works is in the east of the city.
( )e. The factory __________his father works in is in the east of the city.
( )f. The factory in__________his father works is in the east of the city.
A.where B.which\that C.which D.that
4. 时间名词的判断
( )a. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )b. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
总结：在定语从句中充当主语或宾语或与时间的搭配的介词出现时, 时间名词判断为“物”，关联词可用________或_______；否则就是充当时间状语，时间名词判断为“在…时候”，关联词可用________。
5．关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。例如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
Peter is the student whom with.
= Peter is the student_________________ I go to school.
Lily is the girl whom the teacher is angry with.
= Lily is the girl__________________the teacher is angry.
This is the desk that I put my book on.
= This is the desk _____________ I put my book.
总结：介词提前（介词放在关联词前面时）关联词的选用标准：人只能用_________,
物只能用_____________。
三、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
All_________ he said is true.
(3) 先行词前有序数词或被序数词修饰，例如：
He was the second (person) _________told me the secret.
(4) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book _______ I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
He talked about the people and the things___________ he remembered.
四、只能用which，不用that 的情况：介词提前物只能用which
The thing about _______ he is talking is of great importance.
【中考范例】
( )1.The man __gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.(07年中山中考题)
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
( )2.I have bought the camera ______ was advertised on TV.( (08年中山中考题)
