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2018年高考英语二轮复习专题07情态动词和虚拟语气讲学案
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What would you do if you were in his place？
与过去事实相反 had done would/
should/
could/might
have done If I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
与将来事实相反 过去式
were to do/
should do would/
should/
could/might
do If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
I would certainly go if I had time.
1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：
Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.
2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：
I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.
3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气
这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。
①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。
②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.
她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。
三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气
If only/It's (high) time (that)．..
wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。
①I wish I could fly.
真希望我能飞。
②I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
③If only I had taken your advice!
要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！
考点一、考查情态动词
例1．【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
【变式探究】（2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must
C. Shall D. Should
【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析
【答案】A
考点二、考查情态动词的用法
例2. （2017•天津）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
【变式探究】 (2016·北京，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.
【答案】had told
【变式探究】【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’ t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
考点三、考查虚拟语气
例3．（2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
【变式探究】(2016·浙江，15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
【答案】Had 【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。
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