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结合语篇教学，提高词汇教学的有效性
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结合语篇教学，提高词汇教学的有效性
石岐中心小学英语科组 赖丽莉
摘要：结合阅读、篇章教学，在句子和语篇中让学生掌握词汇、练习运用词汇，从而提高词汇教学的层次，使词汇教学达到更好的效果。
关键次：阅读 词汇教学 有效性
词汇，是学习英语最基础的一环。没有词汇，好比房子没有根基，那是无法建起来的。只有在掌握了一定词汇的基础上，英语的听说读写的各种活动才有开展的可能。所以，词汇的学习在英语学习中显得尤为重要。所以无论是哪一个版本的教材，词汇的学习都是其中关键的一环，而提高词汇教学的有效性直接影响英语教学的质量。
词汇教学如果脱离了语境、语意，只注重对单词音、行、义的掌握，那学生即使能熟练的对单词进行书写和背诵，但是当他要在真实的环境中使用这个单词的时候，他就会感觉到困难。词汇掌握到何种程度，是停留在能听得懂、认得出、读得对还是能正确运用，是通过说和写来检验的，而我们平时说的、写的一般都是句子、篇章，而不是一个个单词往外蹦的，所以如果能结合句子、短文来教词汇，学生在学的过程中就能清楚地知道这个新单词是怎么样用的，这一句话是怎么说的，这个事物是怎么样描述的，这个意思是怎样表达的，他们就不用再机械地用自己的方法去拼凑单词而得出不流畅的中式英语，即费时又低效。
如何提高小学阶段英语词汇教学的有效性呢？在这里结合五年级的英语教材介绍一下我是如何结合语篇教学来提高词汇教学的有效性的。
一、 结合句子教词汇
《开心学英语》第5册第7课的词汇部分是学习12个月份的单词和日期
的说法，如果把它们单独分开来教，费时费力而且学生也不容易记住。我设计了一个配对的游戏，让学生找出一年中各个重要节日的日期并把它们连成句子：
New Year’s Day March 8th
Women’s Day January 1st
Tree Planting Day May 1st
April Fool’s Day March 12th
Labor Day April 1st
Children’s Day June 1st
Teachers’ Day October 1st
National Day September 10th
Halloween December 25th
Christmas Day November 1st
这样就组成了这些句子：New Year’s Day is on January 1st.
Women’s Day is on March 8th. Tree Planting Day is on March 12th.
April Fool’s Day is on April 1st. Labor Day is on May 1st. Children’s Day is on June 1st . Teachers’ Day is on September 10th. National Day is on October 1st. Halloween is on November 1st . Christmas Day is on December 25th. 通过这10个句子，学生分别记住了其中的10个月份的词。而1st 这个序数词也因为不断地重复出现所以学生也有了深刻的印象。这样接下来让生日在2号和3号的同学来说说：My birthday is on January 2nd. My birthday is on May 3rd. 其他同学可以说：Her birthday is on January 2nd. His birthday is on May 3rd. 大家都通过这些跟他们的日常生活紧密相连的句子来学习、练习月份、日期的单词，学生也更容易掌握其正确的用法。而学习July 和August 这两个词则可以用Summer holiday is in July and August .这一句。
二、 结合短文教词汇
《开心学英语》第5册第10 、11课的词汇部分学习的是实义
动词的过去式。为了让学生更好地学习、掌握和运用这些动词，我根据课文的单词编了两个小故事来进行这两课的词汇教学。
第10课单词是：planted, watched, washed, cooked, listened , helped, painted, called. 我把这八个单词放在了这样一个故事里：
Yesterday was Sunday. It was Tree Planting Day. My friend Ruby and her family were busy. Ruby’s cousin，Ben, called Ruby in the morning and they planted trees in the park. In the afternoon , Ruby painted a picture . In the evening , Ruby’s mom cooked dinner . After dinner, Ruby helped Grandpa sweep the floor . Ruby’s dad washed the dishes and then he watched TV. Ruby’s brother listened to music. They were busy but happy.
第11课 的词汇是 ：used, studied, played, visited, practiced , talked, jumped , cleaned.我把这八个单词编在了这个故事里：
Yesterday was Sunday. It was Amy’s family day. In the morning, they visited Grandma and had morning tea together.
In the afternoon, they were at home. Mom cleaned the house. Dad used the computer. Amy studied English and Kate practiced the piano. Jimmy played with the dog and the dog jumped on his head. The dog was happy but Jimmy was sad.
